The Y chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans, with the other being the X chromosome. It plays a critical role in determining male sex characteristics and fertility. Research on the Y chromosome focuses on understanding its genetic structure, functions, and variations, as well as its role in sex determination and development. This area of study has practical implications in fields such as genetic counseling, reproductive technologies, and understanding the genetic basis of inherited disorders. Studies on the Y chromosome also provide insights into human evolution, migration patterns, and the diversity of male lineages across different populations.